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beer stein
Beer stein ( ), or simply stein, is an English neologism for either traditional beer mugs made out of stoneware, or specifically ornamental beer mugs that are usually sold as souvenirs or collectibles. In German, the word ''ドイツ語:stein'' means stone and is also used to refer to any beer mug which holds 1 litre (in some parts of Germany (i.e. Bayern) they use the word 'Maß' instead). Such ''Steins'' may be made out of stoneware, pewter, porcelain, or even silver, wood or crystal glass; they may have open tops or hinged pewter lids with a thumb-lever. ''Steins'' usually come in sizes of a half litre or a full litre (or comparable historic sizes). Like decorative tankards, they are often decorated in a nostalgic manner, but with allusions to Germany or Bavaria. It is believed by some that the lid was implemented during the age of the Black Plague, to prevent diseased fleas from getting into the beer.
==Etymology==
"英語:Stein" is an abbreviation of German ''ドイツ語:Steinzeug'' "stoneware",〔(Merriam-Webster: stein )〕 the common material for beer mugs before the introduction of glass. The word alone is not used within Germany, rather ''ドイツ語:Krug'' or ''ドイツ語:Steinkrug'' are used.
The word "英語:stein" could have also originated from the German word ''ドイツ語:Steinzeugkrug'', meaning stoneware jug or tankard. By common usage, stein refers to a beer container with a handle and hinged lid.〔
''ドイツ語:Bierstein'' in German means "beerstone" – i.e., "beer scale" – a hard residue of calcium oxalate, protein, and sugar formed when a brewing vessel is used repeatedly without exacting cleaning.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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